Ellen Druffel, University of California, Irvine
Co-PI:  James Bauer (VIMS)
Chatham - Dunedin
10 December - 6 January 1996


On R/V Melville in December 95, this cruise will investigate the organic 
carbon pools in the water column and in surface sediment at an open ocean 
site in the Southern Ocean (55oS, 180o).   Collection of seawater using 12- 
and 30-L Go-flo bottles will be done to enable carbon isotopic measurements 
and concentrations of dissolved and colloidal organic carbon (DOC, COC) and 
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).  In situ Yentsch pumps will be used to 
collect samples from 18 depths in the water column for particulate organic 
carbon (POC) concentration and isotope analyses.   A gravity corer will be 
used to collect surface sediment.  In the laboratories at UCI, SIO and VIMS, 
they will measure concentrations and carbon isotope ratios (Æ14C, d13C) in the 
following pools:  ultra-violet and high-temperature catalytically-oxidizable 
fractions of DOC (DOCuv and DOChtc), suspended POC (POCsusp), COC, specific 
organic constituents (total hydrolyzable amino acids, total carbohydrates, 
total lipids) of suspended POC and COC, surface sediment, marine snow, and 
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).  These data will be compared with those 
available for the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and will reflect potential 
differences in carbon cycling and transformations in polar and temperate regions.  

The following questions will be addressed:   1)  Do the Æ14C profiles in 
Southern Ocean DOC, POCsusp , and COC support our hypothesis that deep DOC is 
transported quasi-conservatively through the world's deep ocean?     
2)  From what depths do  specific organic constituents of the COC, and POCsusp 
originate and how are they recycled?   3)  What are the sources of carbon to
marine snow, and are the labile, surface-derived compounds utilized exclusively 
during remineralization?   4)  What is the overall labile and refractory nature
of DOC with respect to its heterotrophic utilization, and what does the Æ14C signature 
of micro-heterotrophic biomass reveal about the assimilation of DOC/COC/POC in the 
deep ocean?   

The proposed field and laboratory investigations will help us to understand 
some of the important cycling rates of and transformation pathways between DOC 
and POC in open ocean waters.   This reflects the first study of 14C in DOC and 
POCsusp in a polar ocean, and will help to reveal information regarding the global 
cycling of organic and inorganic carbon.



A journey from Chatham Island NZ to Dunedin NZ planned 7/20/95
¥ Chatham Island NZ to Druffel's Waypoint
¥Start ÐÐÈ 043¡ 57.0' S 176¡ 31.0' W
C 190.3 T 170.3 M ÐÐÈ 055¡ 00.0' S 180¡ 00.0' W ¥ 676.5 nm
C 359.8 T 351.3 M ÐÐÈ 055¡ 00.0' S 180¡ 00.0' W ¥ 000.0 nm
Great circle distance= 676.5 nm
Rhumbline course 191.6 T
Distance 676.8 nm
¥ Druffel's Waypoint to Dunedin NZ
¥Start ÐÐÈ 055¡ 00.0' S 180¡ 00.0' W
C 322.7 T 325.7 M ÐÐÈ 045¡ 53.0' S 170¡ 31.0' E ¥ 654.9 nm
Great circle distance= 654.9 nm


Rhumbline course 326.5 T
Distance 656.2 nm
Total great circle miles for journey= 1331
Total rhumbline miles for journey= 1333


Total Sea Days	26
Total N-Miles	1331
Knots	11
Miles/day	264
Transit  Days	5
Extra days (station)	21
Total days charged	29